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Sounds like a good place to finish this, Phil. Have a blessed Christmas and safe 2008. 
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Thankyou Tom
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Can we all agree to put this matter to rest...we aren't getting anywhere...we all have our opinions and that is good...we are entitled to them... Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to all
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Yes, I was talking serious about "biological warfare against American Indians". There is at least a couple of situations in which diseases as smallpox have been deliberately spread amongst them:
"In the 1999 Encyclopedia of Genocide, edited by the scholar Israel Charny, an article by Ward Churchill argues that extermination was the "express objective" of the U.S. government."
"According to Ward Churchill, a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado, the reduction of the North American Indian population from an estimated 12 million in 1500 to barely 237,000 in 1900 represents a "vast genocide..., the most sustained on record."
"Ward Churchill, taking the argument a step further than Stannard, asserts that there was nothing unwitting or unintentional about the way the great bulk of North America’s native population disappeared: "it was precisely malice, not nature, that did the deed." In brief, the Europeans were engaged in biological warfare."
"...Sir Jeffrey Amherst, commander-in-chief of British forces in North America, wrote as follows to Colonel Henry Bouquet at Fort Pitt: "You will do well to try to inoculate the Indians [with smallpox] by means of blankets, as well as to try every other method, that can serve to extirpate this execrable race."
"...on June 20, 1837, Churchill writes, the U.S. Army began to dispense "'trade blankets' to Mandans and other Indians gathered at Fort Clark on the Missouri River in present-day North Dakota." He continues: Far from being trade goods, the blankets had been taken from a military infirmary in St. Louis quarantined for smallpox, and brought upriver aboard the steamboat St. Peter’s."
"In this way the disease was spread, the Mandans were "virtually exterminated," and other tribes suffered similarly devastating losses. Citing a figure of "100,000 or more fatalities" caused by the U.S. Army in the 1836-40 smallpox pandemic (elsewhere he speaks of a toll "several times that number"), Churchill refers the reader to Thornton’s American Indian Holocaust and Survival."
This is one of the articles that can be found on the internet about this subject. Though the number of Native American fatalities may be disputed, the intention to exterminate them seems clear to me.
Well, this is my last reply about this, as it's clear noone is going to change one's mind on this subject. My intention here is not to make enemies of any kind. Wish you all a great New Year. Let us all be in peace!
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Well, I suppose, non of the "old" nations have a clean history.
For the rest, I like to copy Moondawq and Capmo,s
last words!
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